Ionospheric control of space weather

Abstract. As proposed by Saka (2019), plasma injections arising out of the auroral ionosphere (ionospheric injection) are a characteristic process polar at substorm onset. The ionospheric injection is triggered westward electric fields transmitted from convection surge in magnetosphere field line dipolarization. Localized result local accumulation electrons and ions, which produce electrostatic potentials ionosphere. Field-aligned developed to extract excess charges This essential equipotential equilibrium Cold ions that evaporate tend generate parallel potential below an altitude 10 000 km. charge separation along mirror introduced evaporated moving earthward phase space.